I used to believe that, in science, there were two measures of the worth of a theory. Those measures are reliability and robustness. A theory is reliable if it covers more evidence currently extant than any other over a given set of phenomena. A theory is robust if it makes predictions about other discoveries we can make, and those predictions turn out to be accurate.
There's a third measure, that's becoming more important as physics dives deeper and deeper into the structure of the universe and the bizarrities of String Theory and E8 Theory and all the rest rise with the number of unusually high energy tests. That measure is efficacy, which basically says "Does this theory give us control over some part of the world?"
I was thinking about Intelligent Design the other day and I realized that in those three measures, Intelligent Design actually wins at one. Intelligent Design is actually better at explaining existing evidence than evolutionary biology. It's better because it surrenders all attempts at explanation: ID is reliable because, when you come up against a brick wall of explanation you have a fallback position: "God the designer did it that way." Biology has to embrace the facts, however awkward, and make our understanding of evolution and biology fit one another. ID doesn't.
(This is why, even if there are "weaknesses" in evolutionary theory, they do not constitute a Kuhnian crisis by any measure, nor does Intelligent Design warrant the label of "functional new paradigm" for replacing it, regardless of what the ID people might believe.)
ID makes one and only one prediction: that we will find in the future features of biology that cannot be explained by common descent with modification. It's a negative prediction, and therefore the only way of disproving this prediction is to discourage or ban research into evolutionary biology.
But most egregious of all, ID provides us with absolutely no tools of efficacy. Using the principles of Intelligent Design you cannot create a promising research program in the biological sciences. Every research proposal you might make can be thwarted with the observation that your assumptions might be contrary to the designer's. Only by assuming that the universe is regular, that is, that it proceeds from a fundamental set of mechanistic or stochaistic processes, can you create research programs. Once you assume that our observations might be externally influenced, or that what we have not yet observed we might also not be able to reason about with reliability, the very notion of "research" ceases to have any meaning whatsoever.
Intelligent Design takes away from us our ability to control the world. We lose the power to meaningfully create new drugs, new plants, new animals. We lose the power to create new manufacturing processes for dyes, flavors, and even solar cells. If you're going to give up that kind of power, what you get in return had better be extraordinary.
There's a third measure, that's becoming more important as physics dives deeper and deeper into the structure of the universe and the bizarrities of String Theory and E8 Theory and all the rest rise with the number of unusually high energy tests. That measure is efficacy, which basically says "Does this theory give us control over some part of the world?"
I was thinking about Intelligent Design the other day and I realized that in those three measures, Intelligent Design actually wins at one. Intelligent Design is actually better at explaining existing evidence than evolutionary biology. It's better because it surrenders all attempts at explanation: ID is reliable because, when you come up against a brick wall of explanation you have a fallback position: "
(This is why, even if there are "weaknesses" in evolutionary theory, they do not constitute a Kuhnian crisis by any measure, nor does Intelligent Design warrant the label of "functional new paradigm" for replacing it, regardless of what the ID people might believe.)
ID makes one and only one prediction: that we will find in the future features of biology that cannot be explained by common descent with modification. It's a negative prediction, and therefore the only way of disproving this prediction is to discourage or ban research into evolutionary biology.
But most egregious of all, ID provides us with absolutely no tools of efficacy. Using the principles of Intelligent Design you cannot create a promising research program in the biological sciences. Every research proposal you might make can be thwarted with the observation that your assumptions might be contrary to the designer's. Only by assuming that the universe is regular, that is, that it proceeds from a fundamental set of mechanistic or stochaistic processes, can you create research programs. Once you assume that our observations might be externally influenced, or that what we have not yet observed we might also not be able to reason about with reliability, the very notion of "research" ceases to have any meaning whatsoever.
Intelligent Design takes away from us our ability to control the world. We lose the power to meaningfully create new drugs, new plants, new animals. We lose the power to create new manufacturing processes for dyes, flavors, and even solar cells. If you're going to give up that kind of power, what you get in return had better be extraordinary.
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